Susceptibility tests were carried out with insecticides like Organochlorine Organophosphorus and Synthetic pyrethroids using the WHO test kits against Anopheles stephensi larvae and adults, collected from malaria endemic wards of Calcutta in December, 1995 and January, 1996 Anopheles stephensi adults were found resistant to DDT, Propoxure, Malathion but susceptible to Fenthion and Deltamethrin.

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One hundred and ninety two boys in the age group 6 to 12 years, living in a Children Observation Home in Delhi were studied for their nutritional status and morbidity profile. Body Mass Index (BMI), an age-independent index was used to grade the nutritional status according to which, 36.7% of the boys were found to be malnourished. Signs of specific nutritional deficiencies were observed in 13.5% of the boys. Morbidity in some form or the other was present in 148 (60%) boys. Skin disease was the commonest morbidity (31.7%), followed by diseases of the oral cavity (16.1%), acute respiratory infections (8.6%) and diseases of the ear (9.9%). Need for health promotional activities is stressed to reduce the morbidity and improve the health status of these children.

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BACKGROUND: All National health programmes are implemented through the Primary Health Centre staff. Targets for the year 2000 A.D. have been fixed for different programmes. Some programmes are getting more emphasis, perhaps at the cost of others. The study area has already achieved most of the targets set for 2000 A.D. Studying the time utilisation pattern of the workers of these PHCs can give valuable information for planning of working of other PHCs. OBJECTIVE: To study the time utilisation pattern of the staff of the two PHCs run by Centre for Community Medicine, AIIMS. METHODS: The multipurpose workers (MPWs) and the health assistants (HAs) were accompanied by investigators and information collected regarding their utilisation of time in the field. The Medical Officers were asked to maintain a diary from which this information was collected RESULTS: The MPWs spend about 3.3 minutes in each house. Child care (immunisation, Vit. A and folifer distribution) is the main activity being carried out by both male as well as female worker. Other important activities for male worker are: family welfare (18%), malaria work (11%) and collection of vital statistics (10%). For the female worker Antenatal care (25%) and family welfare (20%) were other important activities. For the HAs also child care was an important activity. However for the male HA malaria related work was the most important. The Medical Officer spends about 60% of this time in administrative and supervisory work. CONCLUSIONS: Immunisation programme is getting the maximum input from workers, which is reflected in > 90% coverage of all vaccines. Family Welfare and Tuberculosis activity are not getting the emphasis which they deserve. Some rethinking about the strategy is essential if all round progress in achieving the targets for the year 2000 A.D. is to be made.

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This cross sectional study was conducted at Chitta-Ranjan Das Mobile Hospital camp stationed at Dharni, to assess the current status of breast-feeding practices in a tribal community of Melghat region of Maharashtra State, using the key Breast-feeding indicators as recommended by W.H.O. working group on Infant Feeding in 1991. The tribal mothers of 462 children in the age group of 0-24 months were interviewed for breast-feeding practices. 69.69% of the children received their first breast feed after 24 hrs. of birth, however none of the children was breast fed within 2 hrs. of birth. The exclusive breast-feeding rate was 0.22 and the predominant breast-feeding rate was 0.79. Timely complementary feeding rate was 0.22. The continued breast-feeding rates at 1 year and 2 years were 0.88 and 0.64, respectively. The ever breast-fed rate, timely first-suckling rate and exclusive breast-feeding rate were 1.00, 0.00 and 0.22 respectively. The median duration of breast-feeding was 23 months. Hence this study confirms the traditional breast-feeding practices in Indian culture.

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Holistic approach for healthy growth of infants is considered in this study by measuring weight as an important variable. There were significant increase in the average gain monthly weight throughout infancy (P < 0.01) and preponement of age at which weaning started (P < 0.001) in infants born to mothers who registered themselves early during same gestation for antenatal care programme, the same infants being followed in an under-five clinic till one year of age. Though there was hardly any difference in average birth weights of infants of the study and control groups (P > 0.05), antenatal care programme was definitely helpful in promoting their babies for early registration for an under-five clinic (P < 0.001).

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The blood pressure investigation was carried out on 530 males and 745 females of the general population including ages from 10 to 80 years. The increase of blood pressure with advancing age was evident both in males and females. The mean systolic pressures were greater in males upto 40 to 49 years and thereafter females showed greater mean values. However, diastolic pressure values were greater in males although. This is in agreement with the studies from India. Sex difference was evident in younger ages only.

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