The authors attempt to evaluate the impact of the Indian family planning program on a population of around 56,000 in Harsola Indore, Madhya Pradesh, using data from a sample of 472 households with a population of about 3,000. Significant reductions in birth, death, and infant mortality rates between 1967 and 1977 were recorded. Of the sample surveyed, 51 percent were practicing family planning, including 25 percent who had adopted sterilization.